Biofabrication strategies for engineered constructs in cardiovascular tissue repair

Cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating a paradigm shift in treatment approaches. Biofabrication, which involves the creation of patient-specific structures for tissue repair, has emerged as a promising approach. Recent advances in tissue engineering and additive manufacturing have accelerated progress in this field, making a comprehensive overview timely. This review examines various biofabrication technologies used in cardiovascular research, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, and details the advances in biofabricated cardiac patches, valves, vessels, and stents based on papers published over the past decade. By synthesizing findings across studies, we identify emerging trends, current challenges, and potential future directions. This review aims to guide researchers in exploring biofabrication-based strategies for cardiovascular tissue repair.