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Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Proteogenomics: decoding cancer in multiple dimensions.

Qian Liu1, Yimin Chen2,3, Hu Zhou4,5,6

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Precision oncology faces challenges linking genomics to protein function. Proteogenomics, integrating mass spectrometry-based proteomics with other

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics and Genomics
  • Cancer Biology
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Genomic analyses in precision oncology struggle to predict protein expression and function, crucial for targeted therapies.
  • Precise quantification of proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs) is needed to bridge this gap.
  • Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics offers large-scale, quantitative characterization of proteins and PTMs in tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in MS-based proteomics for cancer research.
  • To highlight key discoveries in cancer proteogenomics.
  • To discuss the potential of proteogenomics in understanding cancer complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of proteomic data (including PTMs) with genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic information.
  • Utilizing mass spectrometry for large-scale, quantitative protein and PTM characterization.
  • Reviewing recent literature on MS-based proteomics and cancer proteogenomics.

Main Results:

  • MS-based proteomics enables quantitative characterization of proteins and PTMs in tumor tissues.
  • Proteogenomics integrates multi-omics data for a deeper understanding of cancer biology.
  • Recent advancements facilitate linking genomic aberrations to cancer phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Proteogenomics offers a comprehensive approach to decoding cancer complexity at multiple biological levels.
  • This integrated field has transformative potential for precision oncology.
  • Advancements in MS-based proteomics are key drivers of progress in cancer proteogenomics.