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External Stimuli-Activable Single-Atom Nanozymes for Bioapplications.

Hyun Ko1,2, Jungsue Choi3, Hyeonjeong Noh3

  • 1Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stimuli-activable single-atom nanozymes (SANs) offer enhanced catalytic efficiency by modulating active sites with external triggers like light or magnetic fields. This review explores their mechanisms and biomedical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Single-atom nanozymes (SANs) mimic natural enzymes with atomic-level control of active sites.
  • Integrating SANs with external stimuli enhances catalytic efficiency and enables selective activation.
  • Mechanisms behind stimuli-induced performance enhancement in SANs require further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review engineering principles for improving SAN performance, focusing on stimuli-activable systems.
  • To elucidate how external stimuli modulate SANs' electronic and physicochemical properties.
  • To overview the latest applications of stimuli-activable SANs in biomedical fields.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on stimuli-activable SANs.
  • Analysis of how external stimuli (light, ultrasound, magnetic fields) affect SANs.
  • Compilation of current applications in biosensing, cancer therapy, tissue regeneration, and theranostics.

Main Results:

  • External stimuli modulate SANs' electronic structure and material properties.
  • Enhanced charge transfer, substrate activation, and reactive oxygen species generation are observed.
  • Stimuli-activable SANs show promise in diverse biomedical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-activable SANs offer tunable catalytic activity and targeted biomedical applications.
  • Understanding modulation mechanisms is key to optimizing SAN performance.
  • Future research should address challenges and opportunities in this rapidly advancing field.