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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Youth Violence Prevention

Background:

  • Firearm violence is the leading cause of death for US children and adolescents.
  • Suicide and firearm injuries are a particular concern for rural youth.
  • Understanding firearm exposure and its impact on rural youth mental health is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate rural youth exposure to firearms and firearm violence.
  • To examine trends in handgun carrying, usage, and associated health outcomes.
  • To review evidence on adverse mental health symptoms and substance use in rural youth exposed to firearms.

Main Methods:

  • Integrative review of 19 studies from US databases (EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Google Scholar).
  • Included studies focused on rural youth, handgun carrying, mental health symptoms, or suicide.
  • Synthesized findings across diverse study designs and large population sizes (n=25,454,460).

Main Results:

  • Rural youth exposed to firearms report more adverse mental health symptoms.
  • Handgun carrying is increasing among rural youth, linked to violence and risky behaviors.
  • Suicide rates among rural youth are double those of urban youth.

Conclusions:

  • Rural youth firearm exposure is linked to significant adverse mental health and behavioral outcomes.
  • There is a critical need for more research to inform harm prevention initiatives for rural youth.
  • The intersection of rurality, firearms, and youth health risks remains alarmingly understudied.