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Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care: Second Edition (2026).

Charles Mock1, Timothy C Hardcastle2,3, Christine Gaarder4

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

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|April 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Updated guidelines for essential trauma care (EsTC) provide affordable, achievable standards for injured patients globally. These revised recommendations aim to improve trauma services and reduce mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Keywords:
globalinjurylow‐ and middle‐income countryresourcestrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Injury represents a significant global cause of death and disability, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Effective organization and planning of trauma care are crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality rates.
  • The 2004 Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care (EsTC) aimed to establish accessible standards for trauma resources worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first update and revision of the Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care (EsTC).
  • To provide updated resource tables for human and physical resources needed at various healthcare facility levels.
  • To support the strengthening of trauma care services globally, particularly in LMICs.

Main Methods:

  • Revision of the original EsTC guidelines published in 2004.
  • Inclusion of detailed resource tables for human resources (skills, training, staffing) and physical resources (equipment, supplies).
  • Focus on resource requirements for fixed healthcare facilities, from clinics to tertiary hospitals.

Main Results:

  • The revised guidelines offer flexible resource tables adaptable to local healthcare systems.
  • The updated EsTC covers the spectrum of trauma care, from initial resuscitation to definitive treatment.
  • Implementation examples from 48 countries demonstrate the global impact and adaptability of the EsTC.

Conclusions:

  • The updated EsTC guidelines provide a flexible framework for enhancing trauma care standards globally.
  • These guidelines are essential for improving trauma care delivery and reducing mortality, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • The revised EsTC continues the mission to promote achievable trauma care standards worldwide.