Biomolecular analyses reveal grape-based beverages, dairy processing, and pottery function in Kura-Araxes culinary...

Area of Science:

• Archaeology
• Ancient History
• Material Culture Studies

Background:

• The Kura-Araxes culture was a widespread Bronze Age tradition in Southwest Asia, distinct from Mesopotamian urban societies.
• Ceramics were crucial markers of Kura-Araxes expansion and social integration.
• Understanding Kura-Araxes foodways is key to interpreting their cultural reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the functions of Kura-Araxes ceramics in foodways.
• To reconstruct the diet and culinary practices of the Kura-Araxes people.
• To identify specific uses of different ceramic wares.

Main Methods:

• Integrated methodological approach combining technological, morphological, use-wear, and biomolecular analyses.
• Pottery analysis from the Qaraçinar settlement in Azerbaijan.
• Identification of culinary markers and food transformation techniques.

Main Results:

• The Kura-Araxes people had a diverse diet with a mixed subsistence economy.
• Grape-derived beverages, dairy products, and ruminant carcass fats were central to their cuisine.
• Evidence suggests thermal processing of fats and dairy, and potential use of fruits and conifer products for food transformation and preservation.
• Monochrome Ware was versatile, while Red-Black Burnished Ware was likely used for beverages and dairy.

Conclusions:

• Kura-Araxes ceramics played a vital role in their foodways and cultural practices.
• The study highlights the importance of grape-derived beverages and dairy in their diet.
• Distinct ceramic wares suggest codified cultural behaviors related to food preparation and consumption.