Electrophoresis-assisted SERS-LFA strip for simultaneous HIV and HBV detection

This study presents an electrophoresis-assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based lateral flow assay (E-SERS-LFA) for the simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen (HIV p24) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), addressing early diagnostic needs in high-risk populations. The system applies a voltage to drive charged viral antigens across a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, thereby improving separation and enrichment prior to detection using Raman-encoded SERS nanotags. This process effectively addresses limitations of conventional lateral flow assays, including low sensitivity and specificity at low antigen concentrations and within complex biological matrices. Compared to conventional colorimetric and SERS-LFA platforms, the E-SERS-LFA achieved over 15-fold lower detection limits and strong selectivity in mixed sera. These results demonstrate the considerable potential of the E-SERS-LFA for point-of-care diagnostics, enabling timely detection and management of HIV/HBV co-infections.