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Early White Matter Alterations after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study Using Quantitative MRI and

Guoshuai Du1, Beibei Ren1, Sicong Wang1

  • 1From the Department of Radiology (G.D.), Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Radiology (B.R., H.L., Y.Z., J.Z., L.M.), Neurosurgery (W.B.), Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China; GE Healthcare (S.W.), MR Research China, Beijing, China and Mental Health Center (Y.Z.), First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|April 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative MRI detected subtle white matter changes in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients acutely. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed no significant group differences, indicating early quantitative MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause subtle white matter damage.
  • Early detection of white matter alterations is crucial for understanding mTBI.
  • Quantitative MRI and DTI are advanced imaging techniques for assessing brain tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early white matter alterations in mTBI patients within one week of trauma.
  • To compare quantitative MRI and DTI findings between mTBI patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore correlations between white matter changes and clinical outcomes in mTBI.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 31 mTBI patients and 36 healthy controls.
  • Neuropsychological assessment (MoCA) and MRI scans performed within one week of trauma.
  • Quantitative MRI and DTI analyzed in specific white matter regions (superior longitudinal fasciculus, internal/external capsules).

Main Results:

  • mTBI patients showed lower MoCA scores, especially in abstraction, memory, and orientation.
  • Elevated T1 and proton density (PD) values observed in specific white matter tracts of mTBI patients.
  • No significant differences in T2 or fractional anisotropy (FA) between groups; PD correlated with attention/language.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative MRI may detect subtle acute white matter alterations in mTBI.
  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters did not show significant group differences in this cohort.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm reproducibility and clinical relevance of findings.