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Contribution of North Atlantic temperature variability to El Niño cyclicity as revealed by spectral causality

Igor I Mokhov1,2, Dmitry A Smirnov3,4

  • 1Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Pyzhevsky Per., Moscow, Russia, 603950.

Scientific Reports
|April 20, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
Climate indicesDirectional couplingsEl Niño/Southern OscillationIntradecadal North Atlantic temperature variabilitySpectral causal effectsTime series analysis

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