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Genotype × environment interaction insights for yield and yield components in castor via AMMI and GGE biplot models
K Sadaiah1, G Eswara Reddy2, K Parimala3
1Regional Agricultural Research Station, PJTAU, Palem, Nagarkurnool District, Telangana, 509 215, India. sadaiah.kurapati@gmail.com.
Scientific Reports
|April 20, 2026
Summary
Genotype × environment interactions (GEI) impact castor productivity. This study identified stable, high-yielding castor hybrids, like PCH-596 and ICH-5, using AMMI and GGE biplot models for improved breeding programs.
Area of Science:
- Agriculture
- Genetics
- Plant Breeding
Background:
- Castor productivity is limited by genotype × environment interactions (GEI), masking hybrid potential across diverse growing regions.
- Understanding GEI is crucial for identifying stable, high-performing castor hybrids adapted to various agro-climatic conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze GEI magnitude and patterns in castor hybrids across Telangana, India.
- To identify stable and high-yielding castor hybrids for seed yield and related traits.
- To provide a quantitative basis for environment-specific hybrid recommendations.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated eight elite castor hybrids across multiple environments using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and GGE (Genotype and Genotype × Environment) biplot models.
- Dissected genotype stability, adaptability, and environmental representativeness.
- Employed Yield Stability Index (YSI) and Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI) for comprehensive analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant GEI effects were observed for seed yield, flowering time, node number, and hundred-seed weight.
- AMMI analysis identified Palem (E1) as the most representative and least interactive environment.
- GGE biplot identified PCH-596 as superior in Tandur (E2) and Tornala (E3), while ICH-5 excelled in E1.
- PCH-596 (G2) and ICH-5 (G6) were consistently ranked as stable and high-yielding; ICH-1160 (G3) showed highest stability across all traits.
Conclusions:
- AMMI and GGE biplot models effectively elucidated complex GEI patterns, aiding in identifying genotypes with broad and specific adaptability.
- The study successfully identified specific high-performing and stable castor hybrids for different agro-climatic zones.
- Findings support informed hybrid selection, enhancing castor breeding program efficiency and accelerating genetic gains for increased productivity and resilience.
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