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Muscles for Facial Expressions

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Medial Limited Midface-Lift-16-Year Experience.

Vitaly Zholtikov¹, Natalya Korableva¹, Yulia Lebedeva²

¹Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Petersburg, Russia.

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

|April 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This medial limited mid-facelift technique effectively rejuvenates the lower eyelids and midface. It offers stable results with a short recovery and minimal complications.

Keywords:

Complex facial rejuvenation Lower blepharoplasty Lower eyelids Medial limited mid-facelift eye rejuvenation subciliary approach

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Facial Rejuvenation
Oculoplastic Surgery

Background:

Midface soft tissue lifting is crucial for complex facial rejuvenation.
Existing techniques face technical challenges and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the medial limited mid-facelift technique.
To correct age-related changes in the lower eyelids and midface.

Main Methods:

Subciliary approach with limited subperiosteal dissection.
Dissection not extending medial to the infraorbital neurovascular bundle.
Periosteal flap elevated vertically and fixed to the orbital rim.

Main Results:

Study based on 569 cases (2007-2023).
Evaluated lower eyelid and midface appearance and lower eyelid length changes.
Demonstrated successful aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusions:

Medial limited subperiosteal mid-facelift yields harmonious and stable rejuvenation.
Limited mobilization and secure flap fixation ensure short rehabilitation.
Achieved a minimum of complications requiring revision.