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Text encryption using Sosemanuk and Harris Hawks optimization by laser communication.

Mohammed Salih Mahdi¹, Russul M Shehab², Hayder Najm³

¹Business Informatics College , University of Information Technology and Communications , Baghdad, Iraq. mohammed.salih@uoitc.edu.iq.

Scientific Reports

|April 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a lightweight encryption method for Internet of Things devices, combining the Sosemanuk cipher with optical Morse code for secure, energy-efficient communication. The system achieves high randomness and an encryption throughput of 82.78 KB/s, suitable for resource-constrained applications.

Keywords:

Harris Hawks optimization Laser communication Morse code Optical wireless communication Physical layer security Sosemanuk stream cipher

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Area of Science:

Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
Cryptography

Background:

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded devices necessitates secure and energy-efficient communication protocols.
Conventional cryptographic algorithms often exceed the computational capacity of resource-constrained devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a lightweight encryption system for resource-constrained devices.
To enhance communication security and energy efficiency in IoT applications.

Main Methods:

A hybrid approach combining the Sosemanuk stream cipher with physical layer encoding.
Session-dependent key candidates generated using the Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm.
Encryption followed by International Morse code encoding for optical wireless communication via a laser diode.

Main Results:

The system demonstrates high randomness and a 50.35% avalanche effect, indicating strong cryptographic properties.
Low bit dependency correlation (0.0366) confirmed by NIST SP 800-22 statistical tests.
Achieved an encryption throughput of 82.78 KB/s, proving computational efficiency.

Conclusions:

The proposed system offers a feasible and secure solution for low-power IoT devices.
The integration of lightweight cryptography and optical communication enhances device security and extends operational life.