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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

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Oncological Outcomes Following Different TACE-Based Conversion Therapies for Intermediate-Advanced Hepatocellular

Hongwei Xu1,2, Yani Liu1,3, Haili Zhang1

  • 1Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Cancer Medicine
|April 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors (TACE+TKI+ICI) significantly improves survival for advanced liver cancer. Subsequent liver resection further enhances long-term outcomes in patients receiving TACE-based therapies.

Keywords:
TACEconversion therapyhepatocellular carcinomasurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Oncology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Oncology

Background:

  • Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard treatment for intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • The role of TACE combined with systemic therapies as conversion treatment for HCC requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with systemic treatments (tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKI], immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICI], or both) as conversion therapy for intermediate-advanced HCC.
  • To compare outcomes of TACE-based combination therapies with TACE alone.
  • To assess the impact of subsequent liver resection on survival.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 518 patients with intermediate-advanced HCC received one of four treatments: TACE alone, TACE+TKI, TACE+TKI+ICI, or TACE with Bevacizumab and ICI.
  • Key outcomes evaluated included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs).
  • Subgroup analysis was performed for patients who underwent conversion liver resection.

Main Results:

  • The TACE+TKI+ICI group demonstrated the highest ORR (28.9%) and DCR (72.8%), significantly outperforming TACE alone and TACE+TKI.
  • The TACE+TKI+ICI regimen led to significantly improved median PFS (20.7 months) and median OS (44.0 months) compared to TACE and TACE+TKI.
  • Patients undergoing conversion liver resection (n=117) showed significantly better PFS and OS than those who did not.

Conclusions:

  • TACE combined with TKI and ICI represents a superior conversion therapy for intermediate-advanced HCC, offering improved response rates and survival outcomes with manageable AEs.
  • Subsequent liver resection is a critical factor in enhancing long-term survival for patients treated with TACE-based conversion therapies.