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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Enrichment of Native and Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles of Mycobacteria

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Published on: December 8, 2023

Inhalable engineered probiotic outer membrane vesicles co-expressing multiple mpox antigens induce potent specific

Xinting Fu¹, Wei Wang², Han Duan¹

¹Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.

Materials Today. Bio

|April 21, 2026

Summary

A novel inhaled nanovaccine, ABM@OMV, was developed to prevent monkeypox virus (MPXV) transmission. This needle-free vaccine elicits strong mucosal and systemic immunity, offering complete protection against lethal challenges.

Keywords:

Biomimetic nanoparticles Engineered probiotic vesicles Mpox Mucosal immunity Multiple antigens

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Published on: July 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Immunology
Bioengineering

Background:

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a significant public health threat, with transmission occurring via respiratory mucosa and close contact.
Existing vaccine strategies may not fully address mucosal immunity or ease of administration.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel inhaled nanovaccine, ABM@OMV, for preventing MPXV transmission.
To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the ABM@OMV vaccine.

Main Methods:

Engineered outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from a bacterial strain to co-express three MPXV antigens (A9R, B6R, M1R).
Administered the nanovaccine intranasally in a preclinical model.
Assessed systemic and mucosal immune responses, including antibody titers (IgG, SIgA) and T cell responses (CD4+, CD8+).
Evaluated vaccine efficacy through challenge with vaccinia virus (VACV), a surrogate for MPXV.

Main Results:

The ABM@OMV nanovaccine enhanced antigen uptake, promoted antigen-presenting cell (APC) maturation, and mediated endosomal escape.
Intranasal immunization induced robust systemic IgG and mucosal SIgA responses against MPXV antigens.
The vaccine elicited significant CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, particularly with the A9R antigen.
Complete protection and 100% survival were observed following a lethal VACV challenge.

Conclusions:

The engineered nanovaccine ABM@OMV is a promising needle-free mucosal vaccine strategy against MPXV.
The vaccine is scalable, easily standardized, and demonstrates potent immunogenicity and protective efficacy.
This approach offers a novel avenue for combating emerging infectious diseases through mucosal immunization.