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Harnessing Multiple Donnan Effects for Simultaneous Salt-Resistant Solar Desalination and Dual-Mode Power Generation.

Hongqi Zou¹, Jun Qi¹, Yangjun Ma¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel solar desalination system that resists salt buildup and generates electricity. The innovative design offers a dual solution for clean water and energy needs, tackling global resource challenges.

Keywords:

donnan effect hydrovoltaic effect power generation reverse electrodialysis solar desalination

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Solar desalination and power generation are crucial for addressing water and energy scarcity.
Salt crystallization is a significant challenge in solar desalination systems.
Integrated systems offer a dual solution but require advanced materials and mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an integrated system for salt-resistant solar desalination and dual-mode power generation.
To leverage multiple Donnan effects for enhanced performance.
To create a sustainable platform for clean water and energy cogeneration.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a sulfonate-functionalized porous sponge evaporator (PSE-SO3-) using hydrogen bond differentials and Fe3+-tannic acid crosslinking.
Utilizing the Donnan effect for salt resistance and hydrovoltaic power generation.
Employing molecular dynamics simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy to elucidate mechanisms.
Integrating reverse electrodialysis for enhanced salt resistance and osmotic power generation.

Main Results:

Achieved a peak seawater evaporation rate of 4.19 kg m-2 h-1 with a salt-free surface.
Delivered hydrovoltaic power densities of 5.76 mW m-2 (one sun) and 4.34 mW m-2 (dark).
Obtained an osmotic power output of 0.804 W m-2 through integrated reverse electrodialysis.
Demonstrated synergistic performance in a scaled-up outdoor system.

Conclusions:

The developed system effectively overcomes salt crystallization in solar desalination.
The integrated approach enables efficient co-generation of clean water and electricity from seawater.
This work presents a pioneering demonstration platform for sustainable water and energy solutions.