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Published on: December 30, 2025
Single-Atom Fe/Au Nanozymic Electrode to Accelerate Glucose Oxidation for Self-Powered Sensing
Linyun Zhang1, Jiaying Bei1, Xun Li1
1National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), School of Life and Health Sciences, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, P. R. China.
This study introduces a novel nanozyme-based biofuel cell (BFC) for self-powered exosome detection. The new system offers enhanced stability and electrical output compared to traditional enzyme-based biosensors.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Nanotechnology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) offer self-powered sensing for exosome analysis but suffer from enzyme instability and high costs.
- Natural enzymes used in EBFCs have limited electron-transfer efficiency and operational durability, restricting their practical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a stable and efficient fully nanozyme-driven biofuel cell (BFC) for enhanced exosome detection.
- To overcome the limitations of natural enzymes by utilizing a novel heteroatomic nanozyme.
- To demonstrate the potential of electronically regulated interfaces in self-powered biosensing.
Main Methods:
- Designed a heteroatomic nanozyme (FeSA-AuNP/NC) with Fe single atoms coupled to Au nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon for improved glucose oxidation.
- Constructed a fully nanozyme-driven BFC using the FeSA-AuNP/NC as the anode and a FeSA/NC as the cathode.
- Evaluated the electrical output, operational durability, and exosome detection performance of the developed BFC.
Main Results:
- The fully nanozyme-driven BFC exhibited significantly higher electrical output and improved operational durability compared to a glucose oxidase (GOx)-based bioanode.
- Achieved quantitative and sensitive exosome detection over a wide linear range (10^3-10^7 particles mL^-1).
- Demonstrated an ultralow detection limit of 362 particles mL^-1 for exosome analysis.
Conclusions:
- The developed FeSA-AuNP/NC nanozyme-based BFC provides a robust and efficient platform for self-powered biosensing.
- This approach overcomes the limitations of natural enzymes, paving the way for next-generation portable exosome analysis.
- Electronically regulated interfaces are crucial for advancing self-powered biosensing technologies.
