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Age at Surgery Associated With Increased Expressive Language Delays in Children With Single Suture Craniosynostosis
Andrew Salib1, Kevin Hu, Paula F Pérez
1Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|April 21, 2026
Summary
Children with single-suture craniosynostosis experience higher rates of expressive language delays. Delayed surgery in these patients is linked to increased odds of language delays, highlighting the need for early monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric surgery
- Developmental pediatrics
- Speech-language pathology
Background:
- Craniosynostosis, a condition involving premature fusion of skull sutures, can impact child development.
- Expressive language delays are a concern in children with craniosynostosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate expressive language delays in single-suture craniosynostosis.
- To determine if age at surgery correlates with expressive language delays.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 107 patients with single-suture craniosynostosis (2012-2023).
- Exclusion of patients with syndromic craniosynostosis, genetic syndromes, or other conditions affecting language.
- Analysis of speech-language pathologist-documented expressive language delays and age at surgery using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for suture type and social vulnerability index.
Main Results:
- 13.1% of patients (14/107) had expressive language delays.
- Mean age at surgery was 6.8 months for those without delays vs. 11.9 months for those with delays (P=0.038).
- Each 1-month increase in age at surgery was associated with a 15% increase in the odds of expressive language delay (OR: 1.15, P=0.007).
Conclusions:
- Single-suture craniosynostosis is associated with a significant burden of expressive language delays.
- Later surgical intervention for craniosynostosis correlates with higher rates of expressive language delays.
- Early developmental surveillance is crucial for children with single-suture craniosynostosis.
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