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This review found that social support, employment, and community resources bolster resilience in adults after trauma. Employee assistance programs also support resilience, highlighting the need for multisystemic interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Adults experiencing potentially traumatic events (PTEs) often face challenges to their mental well-being.
  • Resilience, the ability to adapt to adversity, is crucial for recovery.
  • Identifying protective factors is key to developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize protective factors that promote resilience in adults exposed to PTEs.
  • To categorize these factors across a social-ecological framework.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search of APA PsychInfo and PubMed (2014-2024).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on DSM-V TR Criterion A PTEs, modifiable protective factors, and resilience measures.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Social support and religious attendance (interpersonal level).
  • Employment and workplace belongingness (institutional/organizational level).
  • Access to social resources for basic needs (community level) and employee assistance (public policy level) promote resilience.

Conclusions:

  • Resilience is influenced by factors across multiple levels of the social-ecological model.
  • Gaps exist in defining PTE exposure and timeframes in resilience research.
  • Future interventions should be multisystemic, addressing individual to policy levels.