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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Frequency Stability of Graphene Nonlinear Parametric Oscillator.

Enise Kartal¹, Oriel Shoshani², Elena Botnaru¹

¹Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands.

|April 21, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene resonators can achieve enhanced frequency stability using parametric oscillations, a nonlinear regime that improves performance in precision sensing and timekeeping applications despite inherent nonlinearities.

Keywords:

PLL measurements frequency stability graphene resonators nonlinear damping nonlinear parametric oscillator

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Published on: July 24, 2015

Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

High-frequency stability is essential for graphene resonators used in sensing and timekeeping.
Miniaturization and mechanical compliance of graphene lead to nonlinearities that degrade frequency stability.
Existing nonlinear regimes like Duffing oscillations are limited by amplitude-to-frequency noise conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate enhanced short-term frequency stability in graphene resonators.
To explore parametric oscillations as a nonlinear operating regime for improved resonator performance.
To investigate the role of nonlinear damping in phase noise reduction.

Main Methods:

Experimental operation of graphene resonators in a phase-locked loop.
Comparison of parametric oscillations (postbifurcation regime) with Duffing oscillations.
Development of a minimal theoretical model to analyze phase diffusion and noise mechanisms.

Main Results:

Parametric oscillations in graphene resonators achieve lower Allan deviation at fast integration times compared to Duffing oscillations.
Strong nonlinear damping in parametric oscillators suppresses amplitude-to-frequency noise conversion.
Theoretical model confirms nonlinear damping as the key factor in phase noise reduction.

Conclusions:

Graphene parametric oscillators offer an improved nonlinear regime for enhanced frequency stability.
Nonlinear dissipation is crucial for overcoming conventional limits in graphene oscillator precision.
This work enables advanced applications in precision sensing and timekeeping using graphene devices.