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Super-Resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy to Study Endocytosis and Cellular Nanoparticle Uptake
1Nanodelivery Systems and Devices Branch, Cancer Imaging Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
ACS Nano
|April 21, 2026
Summary
Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) offers advanced insights into how nanoparticles enter cells and move within them. This technique is crucial for improving cancer nanomedicine delivery efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology
- Cell Biology
- Microscopy
Background:
- Understanding nanoparticle (NP) internalization and intracellular trafficking is vital for effective cancer nanomedicine.
- Advances in microscopy and labeling have improved knowledge, but higher resolution is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) in studying NP endocytosis and intracellular trafficking.
- To highlight SR-SIM's utility in investigating therapeutic nanomedicine delivery.
Main Methods:
- Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) enables imaging of biological structures at ~10 nm.
- SR-SIM provides faster, gentler live-cell imaging compared to other super-resolution techniques.
Main Results:
- SR-SIM facilitates in-depth investigation of endocytic pathways, from coat formation to endosomal maturation.
- It allows detailed analysis of intracellular processes relevant to nanomedicine delivery.
Conclusions:
- SR-SIM is a powerful tool for elucidating the complex endocytosis and trafficking of nanomedicines.
- This review serves as a practical guide to SR-SIM applications in nanomedicine research.

