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Kidney Structure

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.

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Modeling Podocytopathies with Kidney Organoids.

Marina de Cos¹, Mona Zeghal¹, Kristin Meliambro¹

¹Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, N.Y., USA.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

|April 21, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney organoids are advanced in vitro models for studying podocyte injury and related kidney diseases. These models offer new avenues for drug screening and understanding genetic kidney disorders.

Keywords:

FSGS glomerular disease modeling kidney organoids podocytopathies precision medicine

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Regenerative Medicine
In Vitro Modeling

Background:

Kidney organoids offer superior alternatives to traditional cell cultures and animal models for kidney research.
Existing reviews often focus on tubular kidney physiology, leaving a gap in podocytopathy research.
Podocytopathies, diseases affecting kidney filtration units, require specialized in vitro models.

Purpose of the Study:

To review kidney organoid applications specifically for modeling podocyte injury and related kidney diseases.
To explore the use of organoids in drug screening, genetic kidney disease research, and understanding complex glomerular disorders.
To critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of kidney organoids in podocytopathy research.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies utilizing kidney organoids to model podocyte injury.
Analysis of organoid applications in drug-induced injury, genetic disorders, and complex glomerular diseases.
Evaluation of organoid utility for assessing variants of uncertain significance and mutation-specific therapies.

Main Results:

Kidney organoids have successfully modeled drug-induced podocyte injury, showing potential for high-throughput drug screening.
Organoids have advanced research into monogenic kidney diseases like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and collagenopathies.
Organoid systems are being used to study complex conditions including APOL1-mediated kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and virus-induced podocyte injury.

Conclusions:

Kidney organoids are valuable tools for studying diverse podocytopathies, from genetic to acquired forms.
Further refinement of organoid models is needed to improve fidelity, maturity, and functional integration for precision medicine.
Organoids present significant opportunities for advancing the understanding and treatment of kidney diseases affecting podocytes.