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CerS2 Is a Druggable Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Hissah Alatawi1, Haritha H Nair1, Lingbao Ai2

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A novel compound, DH20931, activates ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) to combat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This activator induces dual apoptotic pathways, showing promise for therapy-resistant cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targeted therapies.
  • Ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) activity is a potential anti-cancer strategy via very long-chain ceramides (VLCCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify and characterize novel small-molecule activators of CerS2.
  • Investigate the therapeutic potential of DH20931 in breast cancer models.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic and biochemical validation of DH20931 as a CerS2 activator.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays across breast cancer cell lines.
  • In vivo studies using TNBC xenograft and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.
  • Mechanistic studies on apoptosis induction pathways.

Main Results:

  • DH20931 selectively activates CerS2, inducing VLCC accumulation and lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
  • DH20931 triggers apoptosis via the ATF4-CHOP pathway.
  • DH20931 enhances CerS2-IP3R1 interaction, increasing mitochondrial calcium flux and secondary apoptosis.
  • DH20931 demonstrates tumor growth inhibition in vivo with a favorable safety profile.

Conclusions:

  • CerS2 is a druggable target for breast cancer therapy.
  • DH20931 represents a promising clinical candidate for TNBC.
  • The synergistic mechanism of lipotoxicity and calcium dysregulation offers a novel strategy for aggressive breast cancers.