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Firearm Storage and Carrying Practices and Suicidal Behaviors in US Army Service Members.

Catherine L Dempsey^1,2, James C West¹, Claire Houtsma³

¹Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.

JAMA Network Open

|April 21, 2026

Summary

Unsecured firearm storage and carrying any weapon, not just firearms, are linked to increased suicide risk in soldiers. Secure firearm storage is crucial for military suicide prevention efforts.

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Area of Science:

Military Health
Public Health
Suicidology

Background:

Suicide is a critical public health issue within the military, with firearms being the primary method.
Understanding risk factors associated with firearm access and behavior is essential for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between firearm storage and carrying behaviors and suicidal behaviors in US Army soldiers.
To control for known suicide risk factors, including mental health disorders and stressful life events.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study using data from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers-Longitudinal Study Wave 2 (STARRS-LSWS).
Assessed self-reported suicidal behaviors using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale.
Analyzed firearm storage, carrying practices, stressful life events, sociodemographics, career data, and mental health disorders using multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

Unsecured firearm storage (loaded and unlocked) was significantly associated with increased suicide ideation across all time frames (30-day, 12-month, lifetime).
Soldiers with unsecured firearm storage were more likely to report a suicide attempt in the past 12 months.
Carrying a weapon other than a firearm was also associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts in the past 12 months.

Conclusions:

Unsecured firearm storage is a significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors among soldiers, even after accounting for mental health and life stressors.
Carrying any weapon, not solely firearms, may indicate heightened suicide risk.
Findings underscore the importance of safe firearm storage practices and considering weapon-carrying behaviors as potential indicators of suicide risk in military personnel.