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Barriers to Reporting Workplace Violence Among Emergency Nursing Staff: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Eladio Martin Sanchez Gumabay1, Fatma Magdi Ibrahim2, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Elsaied Elhoty3
1Author Affiliations: Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia (Drs Gumabay, Fadila, and Prof Fadlalmola).
Journal of Nursing Care Quality
|April 21, 2026
Summary
Workplace violence against emergency nurses is frequently unreported, with 64% of incidents not documented. Key barriers include perceived futility and lack of institutional support, impacting nurse safety.
Area of Science:
- Emergency Medicine
- Nursing Safety
- Healthcare Management
Background:
- Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant issue in emergency departments.
- Underreporting of WPV compromises nurse safety and accountability.
Purpose of the Study:
- Identify barriers emergency department nurses face when reporting WPV.
- Determine the frequency of unreported WPV incidents.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of 4 databases.
- Included cross-sectional and cohort studies on emergency nurses' reporting behaviors.
- Utilized random-effects models for pooled prevalence and odds ratios.
Main Results:
- Analyzed 10 studies with 5812 emergency nurses.
- Pooled prevalence of unreported WPV was 64%.
- Verbal violence was more likely unreported than physical violence (OR 2.51).
- Barriers included perceived futility, peer pressure, inadequate support, and unclear procedures.
Conclusions:
- Substantial underreporting of WPV among emergency nurses exists.
- Systemic and perceptual barriers drive underreporting.
- Structured institutional reforms are needed to improve reporting environments.
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