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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy

Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy

Published on: August 9, 2019

The normal human lymph node cell classification and landscape defined by high-dimensional spatial proteomics.

Maddalena M Bolognesi^1,2, Lorenzo Dall'Olio³, Giulio Eugenio Mandelli^4,5

¹Istituto di Bioimmagini e Sistemi Biologici Complessi (IBSBC) - CNR Via F.lli Cervi, Segrate, Italy.

|April 21, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study comprehensively maps all cells within human lymph nodes (LN) using advanced techniques, revealing 77 distinct cell types and novel spatial organization critical for immune responses.

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Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Visualizing Lymph Node Structure and Cellular Localization using Ex-Vivo Confocal Microscopy

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Published on: August 9, 2019

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Label-Free Identification of Lymphocyte Subtypes Using Three-Dimensional Quantitative Phase Imaging and Machine Learning

Label-Free Identification of Lymphocyte Subtypes Using Three-Dimensional Quantitative Phase Imaging and Machine Learning

Published on: November 19, 2018

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Lymph nodes (LN) are crucial secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) for immune responses.
Traditional methods often disrupt LN spatial organization, limiting in situ analysis.
A comprehensive spatial atlas of normal human LN cell types is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To spatially map and classify all cell types within normal human lymph nodes in situ.
To identify novel cell subsets, interactions, and spatial niches within the LN microenvironment.
To provide a high-dimensional proteomic dataset for understanding LN organization.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 78-marker antibody panel with hyperplexed cyclic staining (MILAN) for in situ cell classification.
Employed an analytical bioinformatics pipeline (BRAQUE) for data analysis.
Analyzed 19 human lymph nodes free of pathology.

Main Results:

Classified 77 distinct cell types, including T cells, B cells, innate immune cells, and stromal cells.
Identified 27 unique T-cell subsets and novel B-cell types based on TCF7 and CD5 expression.
Revealed previously unrecognized spatial distribution of mature B cells and type 2 conventional dendritic cells.
Discovered novel cell-cell interactions and LN landscape niches through neighborhood analysis.

Conclusions:

This high-dimensional proteomic interrogation provides an unprecedented spatial map of the normal human lymph node.
The findings reveal novel cell types, interactions, and spatial organization critical for immune function.
This resource facilitates deeper understanding of LN immunity and potential therapeutic targets.