Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry
07:14

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 18, 2016

14.5K

DAMPs and PAMPs driven macrophage activation in kidney injury

Jia-Hui Li1, Zhu-Jun Wu2, Wan-Ting Li3

  • 1College of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.

Tissue & Cell
|April 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on macrophages detect damage signals (DAMPs/PAMPs), driving kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting this pathway offers new treatments for kidney disease.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Renal inflammation and fibrosis are key drivers of chronic kidney disease progression.
  • Macrophage activation via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sensing damage- (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) initiates kidney injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review how DAMP/PAMP-mediated macrophage activation orchestrates renal injury.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of macrophage polarization, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis in kidney disease.
  • To highlight novel DAMPs/PAMPs roles and therapeutic strategies targeting this axis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on macrophage activation, inflammasomes, and renal pathology.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking PRR signaling to kidney inflammation and fibrosis.
  • Synthesis of therapeutic approaches targeting PRR-DAMP/PAMP-macrophage axis.

Main Results:

  • DAMP/PAMP sensing by PRRs triggers macrophage activation, leading to renal inflammation and fibrosis.
  • Macrophage polarization, inflammasome assembly, and pyroptosis amplify kidney injury.
  • Emerging DAMPs and PAMPs contribute to specific renal pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting PRR antagonists, inflammasome inhibitors, and macrophage polarization modulators shows therapeutic potential.
  • Modulating the DAMP/PAMP-macrophage axis can attenuate renal inflammation and fibrosis.
  • These strategies may mitigate the progression of end-stage kidney disease.
Keywords:
AKICKDDAMPsInflammationMacrophagesPAMPsRenal fibrosis

More Related Videos

Rapid Depletion of Renal Macrophages Using Human CD59/Intermedilysin Cell Ablation Tool10:15

Rapid Depletion of Renal Macrophages Using Human CD59/Intermedilysin Cell Ablation Tool

Published on: May 9, 2025

780
Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration12:27

Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration

Published on: June 7, 2014

50.0K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
2.2K
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
7
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect...
12
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
4
Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
13
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
46.0K