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The relation between the pip-and-pop effect and audiovisual integration capacity.

Xiaoyu Tang1, Rong Zhang2, Mengying Yuan3

  • 1School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; School of Foreign Languages, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China.

Acta Psychologica
|April 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in audiovisual integration capacity influence the pip-and-pop effect, enhancing visual search when auditory cues are present. This effect depends on task load and cognitive demands.

Keywords:
Audiovisual integration capacityAuditory signalsCross-modalDynamic visual searchPip-and-pop effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • The pip-and-pop effect demonstrates how nonspatial auditory cues improve visual search.
  • Audiovisual integration is a key factor, but its role in individual differences in this effect is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how individual audiovisual integration capacity modulates the pip-and-pop effect.
  • To examine this relationship in both single-target and dual-target visual search tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using dynamic visual search tasks.
  • Experiment 1: Single-target search with and without auditory cues.
  • Experiment 2: Dual-target search under varying task loads with auditory cues.

Main Results:

  • Audiovisual integration capacity predicted performance in single-target search with auditory cues.
  • In dual-target search, capacity predicted performance under high task load, regardless of auditory cues.
  • No significant correlation was found between capacity and the pip-and-pop benefit score.

Conclusions:

  • Audiovisual integration capacity selectively benefits visual search when auditory information is available and task demands are specific.
  • The pip-and-pop effect involves multiple mechanisms beyond audiovisual integration.
  • Individual differences in audiovisual integration capacity are a significant modulator of the pip-and-pop effect, influenced by task load and cognitive demands.