Ethics and Data in Precision Nutrition: A Roadmap for Responsible Innovation

Precision Nutrition relies heavily on multimodal data to account for factors that drive variability in response to nutrition and develop more precise dietary recommendations. Despite the promising potential to improve the overall health of individuals, its implementation is not without ethical and practical challenges. To realize its potential, Precision Nutrition must be paired with measures that foster responsible innovation. Building on this premise, we present a normative yet practical roadmap that emphasizes the central role of high-dimensional, multimodal, and harmonized data in enabling Precision Nutrition initiatives, structured around 5 phases: 1) data acquisition, 2) data modeling, 3) data translation, 4) data communication, and 5) data evaluation. For each phase of this roadmap, we identify core challenges and propose initial strategies to address such challenges. We expect this roadmap to serve as a reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, as well as a blueprint for future research and governance.