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Morphological disparity in elateriform beetles: patterns, trends and implications.

Yan-Da Li1,2, Robin Kundrata3, Chenyang Cai2

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Morphological disparity in Elateriformia beetles reveals distinct evolutionary patterns between superfamilies. Extant data accurately reconstructs historical disparity, but anatomical sampling is crucial for macroevolutionary insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Morphometrics
  • Macroevolutionary Studies

Background:

  • Morphological disparity, the variation in phenotypic traits within evolutionary clades, provides insights into evolutionary dynamics beyond species diversity.
  • Elateriformia, a hyperdiverse beetle clade, presents an ideal system for studying macroevolutionary drivers of disparity and analytical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate disparity patterns within the Elateriformia beetle clade.
  • To explore macroevolutionary drivers of morphological disparity.
  • To address methodological challenges in disparity analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a large discrete morphological character dataset for Elateriformia.
  • Employed principal coordinates analysis to visualize morphospace occupation.
  • Compared disparity reconstructions using extant-only data versus data incorporating fossils.

Main Results:

  • Distinct morphospace occupation patterns were observed among Elateriformia superfamilies.
  • Elateroidea showed concentrated disparity linked to soft-bodiedness and paedomorphosis; Dryopoidea exhibited more even disparity.
  • Fossil-inclusive analyses closely matched extant-only reconstructions for historical disparity.

Conclusions:

  • Extant data is biologically significant for inferring historical disparity.
  • Anatomical region choice significantly influences observed disparity patterns.
  • Integrative anatomical sampling is essential for accurate macroevolutionary dynamic reconstructions.