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Developing quality indicators for supportive care in cancer treatment: a modified Delphi method.

Ayako Okuyama¹, Chihiro Ishii², Sadamoto Zenda³

¹Graduate School of Nursing Science, Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0044, Japan.

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology

|April 21, 2026

Summary

This study established 24 quality indicators for cancer supportive care, focusing on treatment side effects. These indicators were developed from the perspectives of oncologists and pharmacists to improve patient care.

Keywords:

Delphi technique health care oncologists, pharmacists quality indicators

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Pharmacology
Healthcare Quality Improvement

Background:

Quality indicators for supportive cancer care are not well-defined.
There's a need to identify key indicators for managing treatment side effects in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify quality indicators for supportive cancer care.
To address side effects experienced by patients undergoing cancer treatment.
To gather perspectives from oncologists and pharmacists on supportive care indicators.

Main Methods:

A three-round modified Delphi study was employed.
Indicators were developed from a systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Expert panelists (oncologists and pharmacists) rated indicator importance on a Likert scale.

Main Results:

24 supportive care indicators were ultimately adopted.
The study involved 11 expert panelists (3 oncologists, 8 pharmacists).
High response rates (100% in Rounds 1 & 2, 81.8% in Round 3) ensured robust consensus.

Conclusions:

Identified 24 quality indicators for supportive cancer care, primarily process indicators.
The indicators reflect the perspectives of oncologists and pharmacists.
Further research is recommended to develop patient and family-centered indicators.