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Protein Modifications in the RER

Protein Modifications in the RER

Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Reprogramming Cancer Cells to iPSCs to Study Disease Progression and Treatment Targets

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Reprogramming Disulfide Reduction in Endoplasmic Reticulum Uncouples Immune Evasion of Pancreatic Cancer.

Zhongqiu Guo^1,2, Yuting Lu², Li Zhang^2,3

¹Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|April 22, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel strategy to reverse tumor immunosuppression by blocking CD47 maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This approach significantly inhibits tumor growth and improves survival in mice.

Keywords:

CD47 biochemical immune modulation disulfide bond reduction immunosuppression reversal pancreatic cancer

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Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Immunology
Nanotechnology
Oncology

Background:

Mature immune checkpoints present challenges for solid tumor immunotherapy.
Blocking CD47 is a potential therapeutic target, but clinical translation faces barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a biochemical strategy for reversing tumor immunosuppression.
To block CD47 maturation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for enhanced immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Engineered iodine-131 (131I) within barium titanate nanoparticles as an immunoactive nanomodulator.
Utilized electrons from 131I to induce disulfide bond reduction and block CD47 folding and translocation.
Induced ER reductive stress to enhance tumor antigen presentation.

Main Results:

Achieved a 93.6% reduction in CD47 expression.
Observed a 93% tumor inhibition in pancreatic tumor-bearing mice.
Demonstrated a 3-fold prolongation of survival.

Conclusions:

Biochemical modulation of organellar processes can overcome immunosuppression in cancer.
Targeting CD47 maturation within the ER offers a promising avenue for tumor immunotherapy.
This strategy enhances tumor antigen presentation and inhibits tumor growth effectively.