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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

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The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Advanced Separators for Liquid and Quasi-Solid Lithium Rechargeable Batteries: Design and Development.

Karthik Vishweswariah1, Ningaraju Gejjiganahalli Ningappa1, Anil Kumar M R1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced battery separators are crucial for enhancing lithium rechargeable battery performance and safety. This review details materials, designs, and fabrication methods for next-generation separators, focusing on safety, energy, and commercial viability.

Keywords:
ceramic coatingdendrite‐free separatorsnano‐composite separatorsquasi‐solid batterythermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Separators in lithium batteries have transitioned from passive components to critical multifunctional elements.
  • Their properties significantly influence battery performance, safety, and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of separator materials, architectures, and fabrication methods for lithium rechargeable batteries.
  • To analyze design principles, performance metrics, and techno-economic trends for advanced separators.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of diverse separator materials including polyolefins, high-temperature polymers, nanofibers, and composites.
  • Discussion of fabrication techniques such as stretching, phase inversion, electrospinning, and coating.
  • Evaluation of separator-electrolyte-anode interactions for dendrite suppression and interface stabilization.

Main Results:

  • Key design principles linking separator properties (pore size, porosity, wettability) to electrochemical performance (conductivity, rate capability) are detailed.
  • Mechanical and thermal requirements (puncture resistance, thermal stability) are correlated with fabrication methods and performance.
  • Interactions with electrolytes and anodes are analyzed for improved lithium-metal and quasi-solid cell stability.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced separators are essential for developing safe, high-energy, and commercially viable lithium battery technologies.
  • Quantitative targets and design strategies are outlined for future research and development.
  • Emerging trends include intelligent separators and sustainable, PFAS-free architectures.