Negative Self-Attention Bias and Depression Among Adolescents: A Contemporaneous and Longitudinal Network Analysis

Adolescent depression is a major public health concern, with negative self-attention bias closely linked to its development. While many studies have explored their complex relationship through latent variable models, few have investigated the directional dynamics and individual symptom differences at a symptom-specific perspective.

Using the convenience sampling, 2082 adolescents (M_age = 15.26, SD = 1.66; 53.90% girls) from Hubei Province, China, were measured twice for negative self-attention bias and depressive symptoms, with a 6-month time interval between measurements. The contemporaneous network and cross-lagged panel network analyses were both used in this study.

The contemporaneous network analysis revealed that the central node and bridge nodes for negative self-attention bias and depression were consistently PHQ2 (Sad Mood) and NS8 (Negative memory) at both time points. Cross-lagged panel analysis indicated a bidirectional predictive relationship, with depression exerting a stronger influence on negative self-attention bias. Key predictive nodes included PHQ6 (Guilty), NS8 (Negative memory), and NS6 (Criticism), while NS2 (Interpersonal injury), PHQ2 (Sad Mood), and NS1 (Failure) were most susceptible to influence from other symptoms. Additionally, significant differences emerged across gender and educational stage.

Negative self-attention and depression share extensive comorbidity mechanisms and directional associations. Interventions should address both common symptoms and group differences. This study offers valuable insights for the precise prevention and treatment of negative self-attention bias and depression in adolescents.