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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

134
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Processes at Electrodes01:30

Processes at Electrodes

95
The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

8.0K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Concerted Proton and Electron Transfer in Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction.

Seonmyeong Noh1, Gong Zhang1, Megan Kelly1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 22, 2026
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Summary

A new study reveals that a concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) pathway significantly lowers the energy needed for carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) conversion on metal surfaces. This finding offers a more efficient route for carbon conversion technologies.

Keywords:
CO2 reductionconcerted proton and electron transferelectrocatalytic reactionheterogeneous catalysisnonaqueous CO2 reduction

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Heterogeneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is crucial for carbon conversion.
  • Understanding proton influence is key to improving energy efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of protons in CO2 reduction on Ag, Au, and Zn surfaces.
  • To compare the concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) pathway with cation-stabilized mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation using various proton donors.
  • Kinetic isotope effect measurements.
  • Infrared adsorption spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • CPET enables CO2-to-CO conversion at significantly lower overpotentials (∼400 mV less) than cation-stabilized mechanisms.
  • CPET is limited by proton supply rate.
  • Proton competition affects CO2 reduction, carbonate acidification, and hydrogen evolution.

Conclusions:

  • CPET is an efficient pathway for CO2 reduction at low overpotentials.
  • Optimizing proton flux and suppressing hydrogen evolution can enhance CPET-based CO2 reduction.
  • Findings provide insights into product trends and offer a pathway for more efficient electrocatalytic processes.