Monolithic and Heterogeneous Integration of Organic Semiconductor Crystal Arrays by Meniscus-Manipulated Direct...

Monolithic and heterogeneous integration of organic semiconductor crystals represents a pivotal advancement toward multifunctional organic chips. However, due to the stochastic nature of nucleation and the complexity of regulating crystallization kinetics across diverse materials, precisely controlling the crystallographic orientation of different organic semiconductor crystals simultaneously on a single substrate remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a universal meniscus-manipulated direct writing (MMDW) strategy for the monolithic and heterogeneous integration of diverse organic crystal arrays. The control of nucleation and growth is achieved via lyophobic line patterning to manipulate the droplet meniscus profile, reducing the nucleation events while enforcing unidirectional crystal growth along the direct-writing trajectory for different organic semiconductors. The meniscus-manipulated crystallization mechanism enables the fabrication of diverse organic crystal arrays with consistent crystallographic orientation, yielding organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a high average mobility of 11.2 cm² V^-1 s^-1 and excellent switching characteristics, significantly outperforming prior reports for OFETs made from traditional direct-writing method. Using this method, we, for the first time, implement heterogeneous integration of organic logic gates and optoelectronic components on a single wafer, unlocking new pathways toward scalable, multifunctional organic electronic systems.