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Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study at a Tertiary University Hospital
Yannik Brien1, Oliver Ritter1, Daniel Patschan1
1Department of Internal Medicine 1-Cardiology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pneumology, Brandenburg University Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), Brandenburg, Germany.
Journal of Clinical Medicine Research
|April 22, 2026
Summary
Rhabdomyolysis frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly in older patients with comorbidities. Early risk assessment and standardized criteria are crucial for improving outcomes in rhabdomyolysis patients.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Internal Medicine
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Rhabdomyolysis involves rapid skeletal muscle breakdown, releasing myoglobin and creatine kinase (CK).
- Untreated rhabdomyolysis can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI), increasing patient risk.
- This study investigates rhabdomyolysis epidemiology and kidney outcomes at a tertiary care center.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the epidemiology of rhabdomyolysis.
- To identify causes and risk factors for AKI in rhabdomyolysis patients.
- To analyze kidney-related outcomes, including need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and renal function recovery.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective observational cohort study of hospitalized patients.
- Inclusion criteria: CK activity ≥ 500 U/L.
- Endpoints: AKI (KDIGO criteria), KRT, and renal recovery.
Main Results:
- 60% of 100 patients developed AKI, associated with older age, comorbidities, and elevated inflammatory/myoglobin markers.
- Lower urine pH was observed in AKI patients.
- 49% of AKI patients recovered renal function; 12% required KRT. KRT was linked to younger age and higher creatinine.
Conclusions:
- AKI is common in rhabdomyolysis, especially in elderly patients with cardiovascular/metabolic conditions.
- Inflammatory markers, myoglobin, and urine pH predict AKI.
- Many patients required KRT with incomplete renal recovery, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and risk stratification.
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