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Topology-based coordination control for multi-droplet tasks in autonomous digital microfluidics.

Kunlun Guo1, Zerui Song1, Boyi Feng1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. guzhen@ecust.edu.cn.

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We developed an unmanned topology-based digital microfluidics control (TDMC) system for autonomous droplet manipulation. This adaptive system enables complex biological assays on-chip, improving efficiency for drug screening and diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Digital microfluidics (DMF) offers parallel droplet control but faces challenges in large-scale, coordinated manipulation.
  • Complex control strategies are needed to manage multi-droplet interactions and optimize operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an unmanned, topology-based digital microfluidics control (TDMC) system for autonomous multi-droplet operations.
  • To address challenges in coordinating droplet movements, adapting to dynamic environments, and ensuring morphological integrity.

Main Methods:

  • A dynamic droplet-electrode topological graph was created to represent droplets of varying sizes and resolve conflicts.
  • An adaptive-topology path planning algorithm with leading-vertex guidance was implemented for efficient multi-droplet coordination.
  • An encoder-decoder semantic segmentation model fused with event-driven feedback control enabled closed-loop autonomy and real-time task adaptation.

Main Results:

  • The TDMC system successfully managed complex multi-droplet scenarios, including morphological adaptations and obstacle avoidance.
  • Experimental validation demonstrated complete on-chip automation of biological assay workflows.
  • The system achieved adaptive, flexible, and robust microfluidic manipulation.

Conclusions:

  • The unmanned TDMC system provides a novel solution for autonomous, large-scale droplet manipulation in digital microfluidics.
  • This technology has significant potential for applications in point-of-care testing, high-throughput drug screening, and synthetic chemistry.