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Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

$High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2$

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

Sensitive and Stable 1D MDAPb₂I₆ Single-Crystal X-ray Detector with Anisotropic Response.

Jinming Wu¹, Changke Jiang¹, Xuezhou Li²

¹State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, No. 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|April 22, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

One-dimensional (1D) metal halide perovskite single crystals offer enhanced X-ray detection. These 1D crystals suppress signal cross-talk and ion migration, enabling high-resolution, stable X-ray imaging.

Keywords:

1D perovskite X-ray detection anisotropy high-quality single crystals lateral cross-talk suppression low ion migration

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Physics
Crystallography

Background:

Metal halide perovskites are promising for X-ray detection due to high atomic number and optoelectronic properties.
Three-dimensional (3D) perovskites suffer from isotropic carrier transport, leading to signal cross-talk and reduced resolution.
Ion migration in 3D perovskites causes dark current fluctuations and device instability.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize high-quality, centimeter-size one-dimensional (1D) metal halide perovskite single crystals.
To investigate the anisotropic carrier transport properties of 1D perovskites for X-ray detection.
To evaluate the stability and performance of 1D perovskite detectors under X-ray irradiation.

Main Methods:

Thermostatic metastable growth and continuous solute replenishment were employed for crystal synthesis.
Anisotropy in carrier transport was studied by measuring detector performance along different crystallographic axes.
Ion migration activation energy and dark current fluctuations were characterized.

Main Results:

Centimeter-size, high-quality 1D MDAPb2I6 single crystals were successfully grown.
Detectors along the c-axis exhibited a high sensitivity (0.65 × 10^4 μC Gyair^-1 cm^-2), suppressing lateral carrier diffusion.
MDAPb2I6 crystals showed high ion migration activation energy (1.27 eV), leading to stable performance and low dark current fluctuations.
A detection limit of 87.5 nGyair s^-1 was achieved, suitable for medical imaging.

Conclusions:

1D perovskite single crystals effectively suppress lateral carrier diffusion and signal cross-talk.
The enhanced stability against ion migration makes 1D perovskites suitable for long-term, high-dose X-ray detection.
This work provides a pathway for developing high-resolution and stable X-ray imaging detectors.