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Translating Host-Derived Signals from Cerebrospinal Fluid Metagenomic Sequencing into a Diagnostic Tool for

Dingding Han1,2,3, Xiaozhou Pan4,5, Fen Pan4,5

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China. handingding517@hotmail.com.

Journal of Clinical Immunology
|April 22, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

No abstract available in PubMed .

Keywords:
Autoimmune encephalitisBiomarkerDiagnostic modelHost transcriptomeMetagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS)Pediatric encephalitis

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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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