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Developing and Validating an Islamic Spiritual Health Questionnaire Among Iranian Adults: A PLS‑SEM Approach.

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This study developed and validated the Islamic Spiritual Health Questionnaire, an indigenous tool to measure spiritual health based on Islamic sources. The questionnaire shows high reliability and validity for research and clinical use.

Keywords:
Confirmatory factor analysisExploratory factor analysisIslamic spiritual healthPartial least squaresPsychometricsStructural equation modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Islamic Spirituality
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Existing spiritual health instruments often lack grounding in Islamic frameworks.
  • There is a need for an indigenous, valid measure of spiritual health within Islamic contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Islamic Spiritual Health Questionnaire (ISHQ).
  • To provide a culturally relevant instrument for assessing spiritual health rooted in Islamic teachings.

Main Methods:

  • Sequential exploratory mixed-methods design.
  • Qualitative phase: Inductive content analysis of Islamic texts to extract components and items.
  • Quantitative phase: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (PLS-SEM) on data from 438 participants.

Main Results:

  • The final 25-item ISHQ identified four factors: theocentrism, public relations, control of carnal desires, and social responsibility.
  • The questionnaire demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.973) and validity (content, construct, criterion).
  • Goodness-of-fit index (GOF = 0.818) indicated a strong model fit.

Conclusions:

  • The Islamic Spiritual Health Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing spiritual health from an Islamic perspective.
  • The ISHQ can be utilized in research, educational interventions, and clinical settings to evaluate spiritual well-being aligned with Islamic principles.