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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
Published on: February 2, 2021
Review no. 3: handling of longitudinal creatinine data to define acute kidney injury
Yoshihisa Miyamoto1, Yuka Sugawara2,3, Megumi Oshima3,4
1Department of Real-World Evidence, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guidelines define AKI based on an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) levels as well as a decrease in urine volume. For clinical researchers of AKI, the ability to handle longitudinal SCr data and flag AKI status and stage in individual patients is a fundamental skill. This article provides a practical guide for identifying AKI episodes from longitudinal SCr data using R programming. The methods described in this article are based on a hands-on seminar presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology in 2025.
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