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Structure of scientific knowledge flows to intergovernmental organizations.

Kimitaka Asatani¹, Yurie Iwata¹, Yuta Tomokiyo¹

¹Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|April 22, 2026

Summary

A small group of Highly IGO-Cited Scientists (HIC-Sci) heavily influences global policy through intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). Their concentrated networks and rapid uptake of research shape IGO scientific assessments.

Keywords:

bibliometrics science of science science–policy interface

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Area of Science:

Science and Technology Policy
Bibliometrics
Network Analysis

Background:

Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) shape global policy using scientific assessments.
The pathways connecting scientific research to IGO advisory processes are not well understood.
External scientists are crucial for bridging research and IGO policy-making.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the structural pathways connecting scientific papers to IGO documents.
To identify and analyze the characteristics of scientists whose work is frequently cited in IGO documents.
To assess the concentration and network structures of scientists influencing IGO policy.

Main Methods:

Bibliometric analysis of 230,737 scientific papers referenced in IGO documents (2015-2023).
Network analysis of author coauthorship and citation patterns across 23 research fields.
Identification of a cohort of Highly IGO-Cited Scientists (HIC-Sci).

Main Results:

A small cohort of Highly IGO-Cited Scientists (HIC-Sci), comprising 0.7%–4.4% of authors, accounts for 30% of IGO-cited papers.
HIC-Sci networks exhibit dense transnational collaboration, overlapping advisory roles (e.g., IPCC), and rapid citation.
Geographic concentration of HIC-Sci networks is observed, centered on Western Europe, with variations across scientific fields.

Conclusions:

The influence of science on IGO policy is concentrated within a small group of HIC-Sci.
This concentration persists despite IGOs' efforts to broaden participation.
Understanding these concentrated networks is crucial for assessing how IGOs leverage scientific evidence for policy influence.