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From Static to Dynamic Security: Multidimensional and Reconfigurable Physical Unclonable Functions.

Do Hyun Lee1, Dong Ki Yoon2, Moon Jong Han3

  • 1Department of Semiconductor and Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|April 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) leverage unique physical variations for hardware security. This review explores the evolution from single-mode to advanced multidimensional PUFs for enhanced cyber-physical network protection.

Keywords:
multidimensionalityoptoelectronicsphysical unclonable functionsreconfigurability

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Area of Science:

  • Hardware security and device-level authentication.
  • Cyber-physical systems and network infrastructure security.

Background:

  • Increasing global interconnectivity necessitates robust hardware security mechanisms.
  • Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) offer intrinsic device uniqueness for authenticity and tamper resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of PUF architectures from single-domain to multidimensional systems.
  • To highlight advancements in materials, device integration, and adaptive design for PUFs.
  • To discuss limitations and future prospects for PUF platforms in cyber-physical networks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of single-mode PUFs (electrical and optical) and their underlying principles.
  • Analysis of emerging multidimensional and reconfigurable PUF architectures.
  • Exploration of hybrid systems integrating multiple transduction pathways and tunable materials.

Main Results:

  • Single-domain PUFs (electrical, optical) demonstrate foundational potential using device-intrinsic randomness.
  • Multidimensional PUFs enhance security by integrating diverse physical variations and adaptive designs.
  • Hybrid architectures expand the challenge-response space and improve adaptability.

Conclusions:

  • The progression toward multidimensional PUFs offers enhanced security and adaptability for complex networks.
  • Further research is needed to address limitations and develop intelligent, scalable, and resilient PUF platforms.
  • PUFs are crucial for securing next-generation cyber-physical networks.