Ethnobotanical knowledge and utilization of Goniothalamus macrophyllus among local communities in the lowland forests...

Goniothalamus macrophyllus is a tropical forest species known for its bioactive compounds, particularly anticancer activity. Despite this, information regarding its traditional uses and community conservation perspectives remains scarce. This study explores the ethnobotanical knowledge of local communities related to G. macrophyllus, emphasizing traditional knowledge, utilization, and conservation views. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents living near lowland forests, and data were analyzed descriptively. Results reveal that only a limited number of respondents recognized G. macrophyllus, with knowledge transmitted orally and through practical experience. The species was reported to occur in forests, yet most respondents were unaware of its population status or regeneration capacity. Traditional utilization was minimal, with the most notable practice being the use of stems as snake repellents-newly recorded ethnobotanical knowledge, as the plant has previously been documented mainly for its anticancer properties. From a conservation perspective, respondents acknowledged the cultural, medicinal, and economic importance of the species. However, awareness of potential population decline due to overexploitation was lacking. This study underscores the gap between local knowledge and scientific understanding, highlighting the urgent need for documentation, education, and community-based conservation strategies to ensure the sustainable use of G. macrophyllus.