Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin levels in...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and explore their potential diagnostic roles.

The study involved 43 coronary artery disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v25.0, with significance set at p<0.05.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 levels were significantly reduced, while tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40 were elevated in coronary artery disease patients (p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.001). Endorepellin levels did not differ significantly (p=0.120). Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 correlated inversely with tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40; tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40 showed a positive correlation. Regression identified nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 as a tumor necrosis factor alpha predictor. Principal component analysis distinguished patients from controls based on biomarker profiles. These findings reflect enhanced inflammation and impaired antioxidant defense in coronary artery disease. Interleukin-40 may serve as a novel inflammatory biomarker; endorepellin's unchanged levels suggest localized vascular effects.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-40 emerged as significant biomarkers reflecting the inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms associated with coronary artery disease. Interleukin-40 and endorepellin may offer new insights into disease mechanisms and warrant further research.