Depression and associated factors in Brazilian women according to Vigitel, 2023

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with depression among Brazilian women based on the 2023 Vigitel National Survey.

This descriptive and analytical study utilized data from the Vigitel National Survey conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The sample included 13,558 women aged 18 years and older. Researchers analyzed depression prevalence, defined as a dichotomous outcome, alongside sociodemographic variables (age, education level, marital status, skin color, homeownership) and other factors such as health insurance coverage, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and body mass index. The study team performed descriptive and analytical statistics and tested associations using Pearson's chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05.

They found a depression prevalence of 17.5% (95%CI 16.8-18.1). Higher prevalence was observed among older women, those with up to 7 years of education, and those who reported being separated or divorced. White women showed the highest prevalence of depression. Additionally, physical inactivity, daily tobacco use, and a body mass index below 18 were associated with an increased occurrence of depression.

Older women, those with lower education levels, separated women, physically inactive individuals, and smokers exhibited higher depression prevalence. These findings highlight the need for targeted care strategies and interventions addressing associated risk factors.