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Fundamentals of Acute Pericarditis: State of the Art

Gabriel de Moraes Mangas1, Jose Gregorio Valero Rodriguez1, João Alexandre Ranzeiro de Bragança Dos Santos1

  • 1Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ - Brasil.

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia
|April 22, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Acute pericarditis, a common heart inflammation, affects young adults and has varied causes like infections and vaccines. New research on the NLRP3 inflammasome and AI may improve diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute pericarditis is the most common inflammatory heart condition, frequently affecting young adults.
  • Causes are diverse, including viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-infarction states, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 vaccines.
  • Tuberculosis is a leading cause in developing countries, often linked with HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of acute pericarditis.
  • To highlight novel pathophysiological insights and emerging therapeutic targets.
  • To discuss advancements in diagnostic tools and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical criteria for diagnosis, including chest pain and electrocardiographic changes.
  • Utilization of imaging studies like echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and CT scans.
  • Exploration of recent research on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in pericarditis.

Main Results:

  • The NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in pericarditis pathophysiology, suggesting potential new therapeutic avenues.
  • Technological advancements and artificial intelligence show promise for improving diagnostic accuracy and patient management.
  • Etiological identification remains crucial for personalized treatment, though often challenging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding pericarditis pathophysiology, particularly the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome, is key for developing targeted therapies.
  • Integrating advanced imaging and AI can enhance diagnostic capabilities and treatment strategies for acute pericarditis.
  • Multifaceted approaches are needed to address the diverse etiologies and improve outcomes for patients with this condition.

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