Characterization of an X-ray irradiation system (Hitachi MBR-1618R-BE) based on Monte Carlo simulations for

Muhammad Bilal1, Koichi Okuno2, Soheil Aghabaklooei1

  • 1Department of Radiation Biophysics, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Phoenix Leader Education Program (Hiroshima Initiative) for Renaissance from Radiation Disaster, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.

Abstract

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
7.7K
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
1.8K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
3.8K
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
15.4K