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Related Experiment Videos

Evaluating multi-level policy coherence in maritime decarbonization: A design-framing alignment approach.

Jia Zhang1, Huadong Li1, Shanshan Fu2

  • 1College of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|April 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Maritime decarbonization requires coherent policy signals across global, regional, and national levels. This study introduces a design-framing alignment approach to assess policy coherence, revealing its crucial role in enhancing legitimacy and implementation potential for climate governance.

Keywords:
Design–framing alignmentMaritime decarbonizationMulti-level governancePolicy coherencePolicy instruments

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Policy
  • Climate Governance
  • Maritime Studies

Background:

  • Effective maritime decarbonization hinges on coherent policy signals across diverse governance levels.
  • Policy coherence is essential for achieving ambitious climate targets in the maritime sector.
  • Existing evaluations often overlook the interplay between policy design and its communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a design-framing alignment approach for evaluating policy coherence in maritime decarbonization.
  • To analyze patterns in policy instrument mixes and discursive framings across different governance tiers (global, regional, national).
  • To investigate the temporal evolution of policy coherence and its impact on legitimacy and implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a design-framing alignment approach linking formal instrument design (regulatory, incentive, informational) with discursive framing.
  • Analyzed 12 major maritime decarbonization policy documents from 2015-2023.
  • Identified distinct patterns in policy mixes and discursive emphases across global, regional, and national governance levels.

Main Results:

  • Global institutions primarily use informational measures; regional authorities employ hybrid regulatory-incentive mechanisms; national governments adopt balanced, implementation-focused designs.
  • An emerging trend towards integrated and hybrid policy mixes indicates growing policy learning and adaptive coordination.
  • Policy coherence is an interpretive outcome, not just structural; misalignment increases uncertainty, while coherence boosts legitimacy and implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Policy coherence in maritime decarbonization is shaped by both instrument design and communication strategies.
  • The design-framing alignment approach offers a replicable framework for assessing multi-level climate governance effectiveness.
  • Strengthening policy coherence is vital for enhancing regulatory credibility and fostering investment in maritime climate solutions.