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Global bacterial meningitis guidelines: from policy to action

Luisa F Alviz1, Rodrigo Hasbun2, Kiran T Thakur1

  • 1Program in Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|April 22, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

The World Health Organization (WHO) released global guidelines to standardize bacterial meningitis diagnosis, treatment, and care. Implementation is key to reducing global mortality and disability, especially in resource-limited settings.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Bacterial meningitis is a major cause of preventable death and neurological disability globally.
  • Current management strategies are often fragmented and lack global adaptability.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has introduced new global guidelines to harmonize meningitis care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the 2025 WHO Global Guidelines on Meningitis Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care.
  • To synthesize how these guidelines can be translated into clinical and public health actions.
  • To focus on implementation in resource-limited and outbreak-prone settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis
  • Policy review
  • Analysis of implementation challenges

Main Results:

  • Standardized management algorithms are needed, extending beyond acute care to include long-term follow-up.
  • Implementation barriers include limited diagnostics, inconsistent antimicrobial access, workforce shortages, and systemic inequities.
  • Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected by these challenges.

Conclusions:

  • The WHO guidelines offer a unified framework for meningitis prevention, acute management, and long-term care.
  • Successful impact hinges on effective implementation and health system strengthening.
  • Further research is needed to support context-adapted strategies for reducing global meningitis burden.
Keywords:
WHObacterial meningitisglobal guidelineshealth systemsimplementation

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